Opposition to data centers has rapidly evolved from a local zoning concern into a major political issue, with voters across party lines increasingly challenging facilities built to support artificial intelligence, Stateline reports.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst poll finds that 65% of Americans oppose constructing AI data centers in their communities, while only 11% support them. Critics cite concerns about rising electricity costs, pressure on power grids, pollution, water consumption, noise and the loss of farmland, as well as AI’s potential economic and social consequences. Many also object to tax incentives offered to developers and projects negotiated behind closed doors without public input.
The backlash is particularly strong in Ohio, which has 154 operational data centers and 84 more in development. Nationwide, 39 data center-related ballot measures across eight states are scheduled for November, including proposals to ban facilities, change zoning rules or require voter approval.
The issue is also influencing statewide races, prompting candidates in Ohio and Pennsylvania to distance themselves from previous support for data center development. In Ohio, Republican Sen. Jon Husted faces criticism for previously championing tax breaks, while Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, also Republican, recently issued a moratorium on new data center permits.
Technology companies and industry-backed political groups argue that data centers strengthen U.S. competitiveness in artificial intelligence, create construction jobs and generate property tax revenue. Industry supporters contend that projects can gain public acceptance if developers address environmental concerns and community needs.
With data centers currently consuming about 49 gigawatts of electricity nationwide and planned or under-construction projects totaling nearly 350 gigawatts, concerns about energy demand are adding to the debate.
